Infertility refers to the biological inability to conceive and carry a pregnancy to full term after 1 year of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse. It affects an estimated 15% of couples globally.
The causes behind infertility are complex and can involve both partners. In roughly one-third of cases, infertility is due to female factor issues like:
- Irregular ovulation or absence of ovulation
- Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes
- Issues with the uterus or cervix
In another one-third of cases, it is due to male factor issues like:
- Low sperm count
- Poor sperm motility
- Abnormal sperm shape and size
The remaining one-third of cases are a combination of issues in both partners or have unexplained causes.
Diagnosing the underlying cause(s) through medical tests and procedures is key. Treatment options depend on the cause but may include:
- Fertility drugs to induce ovulation
- Surgery to repair reproductive organs
- Intrauterine insemination (IUI)
- Assisted reproductive technology (ART) like in vitro fertilization (IVF)
The emotional stress and financial costs involved in pursuing treatment can be significant. Support groups and mental health services can help couples cope.
While infertility treatments have advanced considerably, they do not guarantee success. Adoption or foster care may be fulfilling alternatives for those who wish to grow their families. Promoting testing and early interventions for both partners helps identify issues sooner.
Destigmatizing discussions around infertility is also impactful - it compels people to seek timely care and creates compassionate, informed communities.
What other questions around infertility or fertility do you have? I'm happy to address them!